Hadi Rahmat Purnama examined how trade and investment agreements influence green industrial policies and the governance of critical minerals in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the global green transition. The discussion was delivered at the workshop “Green Industrial Policies and Critical Mineral Governance in the Era of Free Trade Agreements”, held by Indonesia for Global Justice (IGJ) on Monday, 17 November 2025

In his presentation titled “Critical Minerals in International Trade and Investment Law”, Hadi highlighted how critical minerals have become central to global industrial and energy strategies, while also presenting legal and policy challenges for resource rich developing countries. He noted that international trade rules, investment agreements, and green industrial strategies increasingly shape the policy space available to states in managing their mineral resources 

He also outlined key challenges in Indonesia’s mineral governance, particularly in relation to downstream industrialization and export restrictions. Hadi emphasized the importance of internal policy coherence and a clear industrial strategy to ensure that critical mineral governance supports national economic interests alongside a just green transition